I am an academic at the School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University.
Email: goulds@cardiff.ac.uk
Twitter: @sjjgo
Mastodon: @sandy@hci.social
ORCID: 0000-0003-0476-4270
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PhD Students | Research | Publications
Research
Research keywords: Work, remote work, telemetry, crowdsourcing, multitasking, interruptions, citizen science, data collection, work surveillance
My research is generally focused on work and technology. I try to answer questions like:
- How do people make decisions about how to allocate their attention at work?
- How are people’s activities at work monitored using technology?
- How do people fit work into the rest of their lives?
I also have a broader interest in people interactions with technologies, having also published on people’s use of emoji, their use of conversational user interfaces, and the ways in which they consume video media.
PhD students
I am keen to supervise doctoral students in areas related to my research interests and publications. Please see my information about doctoral studies for details.
Publications
2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012
2025
Bunwaree, TS; Stawarz, K; Collins P; Gould, SJJ (2025) Boss is aWare—Are you? Employee Comprehension and Legal Awareness of Workplace Monitoring. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. [PDF]
2024
Gould, SJJ (2024) Differential Privacy and Collective Bargaining over Workplace Data. In Italian Labour Law e-Journal [PDF] [HTML]
Bunwaree, TS; Stawarz, K; Collins P; Gould, SJJ (2024) How well do people understand work monitoring terminology? In CHIWORK'24 Works-in-Progress [PDF]
Gould, SJJ; Brumby, DP; Cox, AL (2024) ChatTL;DR – You Really Ought to Check What the LLM Said on Your Behalf. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts. [PDF] [HTML]
Gould, SJJ (2024) Stochastic Machine Witnesses at Work: Today’s Critiques of Taylorism are Inadequate for Workplace Surveillance Epistemologies of the Future. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. [PDF] [HTML]
Gould, SJJ Measuring work is hard. Subcontracting it won’t help. Explainable AI won’t help. (2024). In Artificial intelligence, labour and society [PDF]
Lascău, L; Gould, SJJ; Brumby, DP; Cox, AL (2024) “Sometimes it’s Like Putting the Track in Front of the Rushing Train”: Having to Be ‘On Call’ for Work Limits the Temporal Flexibility of Crowdworkers. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (ToCHI) [PDF] [HTML]
2023
Gomez Ortega, A; Lovei, P; Noortmann, R; Toebosch, R; Bowyer, A; Kurze, A; Funk, M; Gould, SJJ; Huron, S; Bourgeois, J (2023). SIG on Data as Human-Centered Design Material. CHI ’23 [PDF] [HTML]
Gould, SJJ; Rudnicka, A; Cook, D; Cecchinato, ME; Newbold, JW; Cox, AL (2023) Remote Work, Work Measurement and the State of Work Research in Human-Centred Computing. Interacting with Computers. [PDF] [HTML]
2022
Gould, SJJ; Wiseman, S (2022) Dealing with Digital Service Closure. In ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW). [PDF] [HTML]
Rudnicka, A; Cook, D; Cecchinato, ME; Gould, SJJ; Newbold, JW; Cox, AL (2022) The end of the active work break? Remote work, sedentariness and the role of technology in creating active break-taking norms. CHIWORK'22. [PDF] [HTML]
Lascău, L; Gould, SJJ; Brumby, DP; Cox, AL; (2022) Crowdworkers’ Temporal Flexibility is Being Traded for the Convenience of Requesters Through 19 ‘Invisible Mechanisms’ Employed by Crowdworking Platforms. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts. [PDF] [HTML]
Gould, SJJ (2022) Consumption experiences in the research process. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. [PDF] [HTML]
Gould, SJJ (2022) Complex Data Visualisation Made Easy with R and ggplot2. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts. [PDF] [HTML] [Course Webpages]
Rudnicka, A; Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL (2022). Citizen Scientists Are Not Just Quiz Takers: Information about Project Type Influences Data Disclosure in Online Psychological Surveys. Citizen Science: Theory and Practice [HTML] [PDF]
2021
Newbold, JW; Rudnicka, A; Cook, D; Cecchinato, M; Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL. (2021) The new normals of work: a framework for understanding responses to disruptions created by new futures of work. Human-Computer Interaction. [PDF] [HTML]
Edwards, J; Janssen, CP; Gould, SJJ; Cowan, BR. (2021) Eliciting Spoken Interruptions to Inform Proactive Speech Agent Design in CUI 2021 - 3rd Conference on Conversational User Interfaces. [PDF] [HTML]
Gould, SJJ; Chuang, LL; Iacovides, I; Garaialde, D; Cecchinato, ME; Cowan, BR; Cox, AL (2021) A Special Interest Group on Designed and Engineered Friction in Interaction in CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts. [PDF] [HTML] [SIG webpage]
Cecchinato, ME; Gould, SJJ; Pitts, FH (2021). Self-Tracking & Sousveillance at Work: Insights from Human-Computer Interaction & Social Science. In Moore, P; Woodcock, J (Eds.), Augmented Exploitation Artificial Intelligence, Automation and Work [PDF] [HTML]
2020
Cox, A; Bird, J; Brumby, DP; Cecchinato, ME; Gould, SJJ (2020) Prioritizing unread e-mails: people send urgent responses before important or short ones. Human Computer Interaction. [PDF] [HTML]
Rudnicka, A; Newbold, JW; Cook, D; Cecchinato, ME; Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL (2020) Eworklife: Developing effective strategies for remote working during the COVID-19 pandemic. New Future of Work Microsoft Symposium. [PDF] [HTML]
2019
Edwards, J; Liu, H; Zhou, T; Gould, SJJ; Clark, L; Doyle, P; Cowan, BR (2019) Multitasking with Alexa: how using intelligent personal assistants impacts language-based primary task performance, CUI ‘19 Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Conversational User Interfaces, Article No. 4. [PDF]
Rigby, JM; Brumby, DP; Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL (2019) Development of a Questionnaire to Measure Immersion in Video Media: The Film IEQ, Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Conference on Interactive Experiences for TV and Online Video, pp.35-46. [PDF]
Lascău, L; Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL; Karmannaya, E; Brumby, DP (2019) Monotasking or Multitasking: Designing for Crowdworkers’ Preferences. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Proceedings. Paper #419 [PDF] [HTML]
Rudnicka, A; Cox, AL; Gould, SJJ; (2019) Why Do You Need This? Selective Disclosure of Data Among Citizen Scientists. In Proceedings of CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Proceedings. Paper #392 [PDF] [HTML]
Gould, SJJ (2019) Bespoke Data Visualization using R and ggplot2. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts. C22 [Course webpage] [PDF] [HTML]
Gould, SJJ (2019) The past and present of work, too for CHI 2019 ‘Future of Work’ workshop. [PDF]
2018
Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL; Brumby, DP (2018) Influencing and Measuring Behaviour in Crowdsourced Activities. In: Filimowicz M; Tzankova V. (eds) New Directions in Third Wave Human-Computer Interaction: Volume 2 - Methodologies. Human–Computer Interaction Series. Springer. [PDF]
Rigby, JM; Brumby, DP; Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL (2018) “I Can Watch What I Want”: A Diary Study of On-Demand and Cross-Device Viewing, Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Conference on Interactive Experiences for TV and Online Video, pp.69-80. [PDF]
Rigby, JM; Brumby, DP; Cox, AL; Gould, SJJ (2018) Old Habits Die Hard: A Diary Study of On-Demand Video Viewing, Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Paper #LBW016 . [PDF]
Wiseman, S; Gould, SJJ (2018) Repurposing Emoji for Personalised Communication: Why 🍕 means “I love you”, Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Paper #152. [PDF]
2017
Rigby, JM; Brumby, DP; Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL (2017) Film, interrupted: investigating how mobile device notifications affect immersion during movies, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services, Article 93. [PDF]
Rigby, JM; Brumby, DP; Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL (2017) Media Multitasking at Home: A Video Observation Study of Concurrent TV and Mobile Device Usage, Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Conference on Interactive Experiences for TV and Online Video, pp.3-10. [PDF]
Wiseman, S; Cox, AL; Gould, SJJ; Brumby, DP (2017) Exploring the effects of non-monetary reimbursement for participants in HCI research. Human Computation, pp.1-24. [PDF]
Newbold, JW; Luton, J; Cox, AL; Gould, SJJ (2017) Using Nature-based Soundscapes to Support Task Performance and Mood. Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp.2802-2809. [PDF]
Brumby, DP; Cox, AL; Blandford A; Gould SJJ; Marshall, P (2017) Understanding People: A Course on Qualitative and Quantitative HCI Research Methods. Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp.1170-1173. [PDF]
2016
Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL; Brumby, DP; Wickersham, A (2016) Now Check Your Input: Brief Task Lockouts Encourage Checking, Longer Lockouts Encourage Task Switching. Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp.3311-3323. [PDF]
Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL; Brumby, DP (2016) Diminished Control in Crowdsourcing: An Investigation of Crowdworker Multitasking Behavior. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (ToCHI), 23(3), Article 19. [PDF]
Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL; Brumby, DP; Wiseman, S (2016). Short links and tiny keyboards: a systematic exploration of design trade-offs in link shortening services. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 96, pp.38-53. [PDF]
Wiseman, S; Soto Miño, G; Cox, AL; Gould, SJJ; Moore, J; Needham, C (2016) Use Your Words: Designing One-time Pairing Codes to Improve User Experience. Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp.1385-1389. [PDF]
Cox, AL; Gould, SJJ; Cecchinato, ME; Iacovides, I; Renfree, I (2016) Design Frictions for Mindful Interactions: The Case for Microboundaries. CHI EA ‘16: Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp.1389-1397. [PDF]
Rigby, J; Brumby, DP; Cox, AL; Gould, SJJ (2016) Watching Movies on Netflix: Investigating the Effect of Screen Size on Viewer Immersion. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services Adjunct, pp.714-721. [PDF]
Brumby, DP; Blandford, A; Cox, AL; Gould, SJJ; Marshall, P (2016) Research Methods for HCI: Understanding People Using Interactive Technologies. CHI EA ‘16: Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1028-1031. [PDF]
Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL; Brumby, DP (2016). Multitasking, Activity Management and Task Decomposition in the Atomic Age. Productivity Decomposed: Getting Big Things Done with Little Microtasks. Workshop at CHI ‘16. [PDF]
2015
Gould, SJJ; Brumby, DP; Cox, AL; Fitzpatrick, G; Hoonhout, J; Lamas, D; Law, E (2015) Methods for Human-Computer Interaction Research. CHI EA ‘15: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp.2473- 2474. [PDF]
Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL; Brumby, DP (2015) Task lockouts induce crowdworkers to switch to other activities. CHI EA ‘15: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp.1785-1790. [PDF]
Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL; Brumby, DP; Wiseman, S (2015) Home is Where the Lab is: A Comparison of Online and Lab Data From a Time-sensitive Study of Interruption. Human Computation, 2(1), pp.45-67. [PDF]
Janssen, CP; Gould, SJJ; Li, SYW; Brumby, DR; Cox, AL (2015) Integrating knowledge of multitasking and interruptions across different perspectives and research methods. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 79, pp.1-5.
Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL; Brumby, DP (2015). Control and Confounds in Cross-cultural Crowdsourced Experiments. How WEIRD is HCI? Extending HCI Principles to other Countries and Cultures. Workshop at CHI ‘15.
2014
Furniss, D; Iacovides, I; Jennett, C; Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL; Blandford, A; (2014) How to run an Errordiary workshop: Exploring errors and resilience strategies with patients, professionals and the public. Third Meeting of the Resilience Health Care Network (RHCN). [PDF]
Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL; Brumby, DP (2014) Naturalistic Distributed Experimentation as a Source of New Insight. Citizen + X: Volunteer-Based Crowdsourcing in Science, Public Health, and Government. Workshop at Second AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing. [PDF]
Gould, SJJ; Wiseman, S; Furniss, D; Iacovides, I; Jennett, CI; Cox, AL (2014) MOODs: Building massive open online diaries for researchers, teachers and contributors. CHI EA ‘14: CHI ‘14 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp.2281-2286. [PDF]
Jennett, C; Furniss, D; Iacovides, I; Wiseman, S; Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL (2014) Exploring Citizen Psych-Science and the Motivations of Errordiary Volunteers. Human Computation, 1(2) pp.200-218. [PDF]
2013
Brumby, DP; Cox, AL; Back, J; Gould, SJJ (2013) Recovering from an interruption: Investigating speed–accuracy trade-offs in task resumption behavior. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 19(2), pp.95-107.
Gould, SJJ; Brumby, DP; Cox, AL (2013) What does it mean for an interruption to be relevant? An investigation of relevance as a memory effect. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, pp.149-153. [PDF]
Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL; Brumby, DP (2013) Frequency and Duration of Self-initiated Task-switching in an Online Investigation of Interrupted Performance. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation & Crowdsourcing Works-in-Progress. [PDF]
Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL; Brumby, DP (2013) Using graphical representations to support the calculation of infusion parameters. Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2013, pp.721-728.
Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL; Brumby, DP; Wiseman, S (2013) Assessing the Viability of Online Interruption Studies. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation & Crowdsourcing Works-in-Progress. [PDF]
Wiseman, S; Cox, AL; Brumby, DP; Gould, SJJ; O’Carroll, S (2013) Using checksums to detect number entry error, Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp.2403-2406. [PDF]
2012
Gould, SJJ; Brumby, D; Cox, A; González, V; Salvucci, D; Taatgen, N (2012) Multitasking and interruptions: A SIG on bridging the gap between research on the micro and macro worlds. CHI EA ‘12: Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp.1189-1192. [PDF]
Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL; Blandford, A (2012) Using wikis to encourage collaborative writing and learning. A Contextualised Curriculum for HCI. Workshop at CHI ‘12.
Jones, SA; Gould, SJJ; Cox, AL (2012) Snookered by an interruption?: use a cue. Proceedings of HCI 2012 The 26th BCS Conference on Human Computer Interaction, pp.251-256. [PDF]
Wiseman, S; Gould, SJJ; Furniss, D; Cox, AL (2012) Errordiary: Support for Teaching Human Error. A Contextualised Curriculum for HCI. Workshop at CHI ‘12.